[Andrés]

-Will we colonise the solar system? When?
Eventually but we're still centuries away.

-Will we ever travel beyond this solar system? When? How? How far?
Once we colonize the solar system and space travel becomes an everyday business, it's only a matter of time until we venture farther.

-How long will humanity survive? Will we evolve into something else, be wiped out by war/ catastrophe or have we reached the point where we can overcome or avoid anything nature can throw at us?

Humans are very resourceful and can manage to survive under extreme conditions.
I bet that we would survive a disaster such as the one that killed the dinosaurs.

Humans do no longer follow the laws of natural selection, so we cannot evolve in a Darwinian sense. But in a broader sense of evolution, humanity as a whole will keep evolving, in a social and other ways.

-Will civilisation continue on its path or are we headed for a catastrophe and a new dark age?

Not a dark age as in the middle ages but there will all ups and downs in civilization.

-Will we meet intelligent ETs? Will they come here or will we have to go to them? How will we get on with them?

If we'll eventually travel beyond our solar system, and if there are aliens out there that may do the same (some of them could have started millons of years ago). So I believe it's a matter of time until we eventually meet each other.

-Will we achieve AI? When? What will be the ramifications for humanity? Will we all become cyborgs?

I don't know if computers will ever be a completely sentient, but soon they'll be able to mimic humans better and interact with us in a more natural way.
There will be a time when a computer will be able to answer questions like these ones without the need copying the answers from a database but elaborating by itself an answer based in its stored knowledge. Will that be AI?

First cybernetics will be more advanced Versions of current prosthetics.
Progress will be very slow. Do the gasses I'm wearing to improve my poor eyesight make me a cyborg?
It will be a very long time until technology can effectively replace most body parts with something that is as good. And even longer until someone decides to chop off his arm to replace it with a cybernetic one.

-What about genetics? Will future generations of humans be improved (or maybe "improved") by gene-tweaking? Will people accept this?

It will happen. Though current knowledge of genetics is not as good as some believe, someday it will be possible. Once something is possible and proven reliable it will have to be accepted.

-What about neural technology? Will our great-grandchildren have computers embedded in their brains and direct mental access to everyone else?

We will eventually blend our brains with computers. We may be able to send a mental email to someone else, but that will not eliminate our individuality.

-Will communications technology fundamentally change society? Will government become obselete when we're all jacked into some gigantic global network? Will we become the Borg?

Communications are already changing the world.
There will always be the need of a set of rules and somekind of government to encourage them.
Individual minds will never blend into a borg-like collective consciousness.

-Will the usa conquer the entire world? How long before the new empire crumbles?

No. Every empire that has risen in the past has fallen, the USA will be no different.
If they don't revise their policies right now, we're not that far from a WW3 with the USA against the rest of the world.

-What art/ literature/ individuals from today will be remembered for centuries to come?

Some art and literature of centuries ago is remembered and preserved now.
History will filter what becomes a classic and what will be forgotten.

-Will humanity ever be united and war made a thing of the past, or is our tribalistic instinct too strong?

It may never happen, but we must keep trying.

-Is national identity something that will come to an end or will expansion to other planets create more nations and more conflicts?

We have people from all over the world posting in these forums.
Communications will be better and soon many of our work mates and even close friends may be people living in other countries. Frontiers are already blending.
Interstellar communication may be an obstacle, but it will be eventually overcome.

-What is the future of religion? Can it stand up to the advance of science? Will it evolve, die out or will it stay as it is?

Religion has been constantly evolving to coexist with evolving societies and modern science.