Captain Kwok, here is how components would look in a universal AI research file system. All races would research the same technology areas, in this case advanced armor. Since each race starts with its own racial traits e.g Federation Technology, Borg Technology all components technology would be capturable, just like the Captain components are.
Federation Ablative Armor I
Number of Tech Req := 2
Tech Area Req 1 := Advanced Armor
Tech Level Req 1 := 1
Tech Area Req 2 := Federation Technology
Tech Level Req 2 := 1
Borg Regenerative Armor I
Number of Tech Req := 2
Tech Area Req 1 := Advanced Armor
Tech Level Req 1 := 1
Tech Area Req 2 := Borg Technology
Tech Level Req 2 := 1