Mounts for making component costs a square progression! SJ, you're a genius!
The best I could do was give the hulls really huge up-front costs
Now for the maintenance costs going up at a slower rate, are you going to have various Bridge components which can only be mounted on specific ship sizes? (e.g. Escort Bridge gives some amount to maintenance reduction, Frigate Bridge gives a bit more, etc.)
Oh, and is that a typo in the armor tonnages? 30 - 65 HP/kT is a LOT, even compared to Adamant light armor!
