[Suicide Junkie]

The key thing to note is that the partial damage done to the armor will pass through the shields again on the next hit.

Each time, the CA-effect will sap up to half the damage. Once the partial damage is equal to the weapon damage, sapping half of the hit eats up all the new damage added, and the hull damage stops climbing.

Consider a weapon dealing 100 damage.
1) It hits the hull for 100 damage, generating 100 shield points from the CA ability, plus 100 partial damage to the armor.
2) The next hit does 100 (weapon)+100 (leftover from previous hit).
3) The shields absorb 100 damage, and 100 damage reaches the hull.
4)The 100 damage hitting the hull generates 100 shields, and leaves 100 partial damage.
5) Goto 2.

The hull is always left with 100 partial damage, never enough to break a component, and the shields are always left at 100 points.
No matter how many times this ship is hit with the 100 damage weapon, it will not die.

The ship will only be destroyed if the partial damage is enough to break a component, or if the CA ability total is less than the weapon damage (in which case the partial damage builds up turn after turn until a component breaks).
...Or if special damage-type weapons are used...