[Alneyan]

A Master Computer acts as a Bridge/Life Support/Crew Quarter combination; losing those components (or the Master Computer, if there is no Bridge/Life Support/Crew Quarter) result in a loss of speed, but nothing else. There will not be any penalty to hit chances, weaker weapons or anything.

A vessel with a Master Computer and one set of Bridge/Life Support/Crew Quarter will also not suffer from losing the Computer: regardless of how many Life Support/Crew Quarter components are needed when designing the ship, you only need one of each to operate your vessel at full speed (and one Bridge).