[Suicide Junkie]

1) Sounds good

2) No. Each square moved costs the total supply use of every undamaged engine aboard the ship.
A ship with one ion drive will use 10 supplies per square, and a quantum drive will use 10 supplies per square.
A ship with two engines will use 20 supplies per square.
Solar sails increase the speed of the ship only.
Thus in one turn, the ship may move farther, but the supplies used per square remain the same.

3) Yes

4) Yes

5) Lack of Bridge = Speed divided by 2
Lack of Crew Quarters = Speed divided by 2
Lack of Lifesupport = Speed divided by 4.
The above MULTIPLY with each other.
A ship with originally speed 20 would only move speed 5 if it lost bridge and crew quarters, but still had one lifesupport.

Master computers satisfy all three requirements, and thusly avoid the penalties mentioned above.
No other side effects occur as far as weapons and shields and such.