[Suicide Junkie]

If you hold the mouse over the labels on the right, the tooltips will pop up and explain further.

SGFD stands for the "Shield Generation From Damage" ability, which is seen on crystalline armor and leaky shields.

As the tooltips will also explain, the hitpoints is per component. In the box beside that, you specify how many.

The graph shows the hitpoints remaining on your ship in each category; shield points, leaky armor, shield generators, generic noncriticals, and generic criticals.
The left edge is the state of your ship after the first hit, while the right edge is the state of your ship after the last hit.
Mousing over the chart will display the exact values of what you have left in the colour-coded text boxes at the bottom of the screen.