[dmnt]

One of the questions in the very first post condensed into one sentence:
Is the maximum range for a gun to shoot sabot rounds the actual "range" value even if "sabot range" is greater?

Another quick question still unanswered:
Is the low penetration at ranges longer than 10 hexes a game balance issue or OOB data issue?

My main issue here is the deviance from real world penetration values in usable ranges, between 20 hexes to 40 hexes and using sabot range adjustments for fixing that (the way sabot range adjustment has usually been used to decrease the effectiveness).

As for the formulae I do know that they're the trade secret yet we can check the outcomes using mbt_apcalc for example. Or setting up a gazillion scenarios and write down the results of our shots.

Of course manufacturers put up the results they have gotten when shooting in the perfect conditions with pre-warmed rounds in low atmospheric pressure and brand new barrels targeting 2nd grade RHA targets. And different testers get different results. Still we get the ballpark figures over there.