Kamog, Quantum mechanics holds that a beam of light, even laser light, exhibits small energy irregularities (shot noise) owing to the effects of vacuum fluctuations (electromagnetic fields in the vacuum whose omnipresence is sanctioned by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle). Over the past ten years physicists have been able partially to overcome this problem by reducing the noise in either the phase or the amplitude of the light at the expense of the other. The resultant "squeezed light." Does that cover it? I can give you a summary of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. If you need.
As to how entanglement work? I am assuming you are referring to "Quantum Entanglement." Yes?
Quantum entanglement is a physical resource, like energy, associated with the peculiar nonclassical correlations that are possible between separated quantum systems. Entanglement can be measured, transformed, and purified. OK?
Kamog, phyisist are confused by physic. More particularly Quantum Mechanics. So, don't be discouraged. As you stated,
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"I figure that if I keep learning about quantum mechanics I'd eventually figure it out."
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Just keep learning!
Hope that helped, a little.
mlmbd 