One of my favorite citation "errors" was a direct competitor of mine who claimed that such-and-such had been proven in one of his prior publications.
When I went and checked the citation, it in turn referenced a prior paper. When I got to the original, it said something along the lines of "we suggest that such-and-such could be occuring". Really neat the way a 'probably/maybe' morphed it's way into a 'proven'. If the mob did it we'd call it results laundering
Unfortunately I don't know of any recourse, so I've chosen to simply ignor his research altogether, and publish as if he doesn't exist.