As long as we are talking about new damage types to enter, lets see the following:
Damage on the way
IE: anything it hits on the line of fire on the way to the target takes damage.
Radius Damage on Impact
It shoots out hits the target and then detonates with a radius damage affect that may hit those around it.
Radius Damage regardless of Impact
It shoots out and detonates with a radius similiar to above but if it misses it goes out to max range along the line of fire and then detonates still.
Damage to shoot
Weapon shoots ship shooting takes some damage
Damage regardless of miss
You miss the miss still does some damage
And Last but not least (for now) different levels of armor and phase piercing.
IE level 1 armor piercing goes through standard armor but energized armor prevents that but null space is level 5 armor piercing and thus penetrates even that. Repeat examples for shielding.
That is all.