What is a Gode?

[Foodstamp]

I don't know about the ones you listed, but I think "Huscarl" means "House Man" referring to the men who attended a noble's house. Atleast I think so .

[Alneyan]

"Van" is the singular form of Vanir, a group of gods in Norse mythology opposed to the Aesir.

I'd looked up Skratti and got the same answer you did... there's probably another spelling involved, but the meaning shouldn't be too far off from 'witchery is involved!'.

I think Herse is another spelling for Hersir, a sort of warrior/lord under a Jarl who commands a band of warriors.

Gode is a different spelling for Godi, which was a fairly high-ranking priest involving in a particular aspect of the cult, but the specifics escape me at the moment.

Unless I am sorely mistaken, Huscarls are indeed "Housecarls", yet another spelling that may be more obvious for the modern eye... they were armed, though, so don't get them confused with lowly servants

[Amorphous]

Well, some of the words have been used slightly differently over time and in different areas, but they are all from the Nordic culture.

Gode - essentially a priest of the Aesir
Herse - a chieftain
Van - this prefix is taken from the other (not the Aesir) family of gods called the Vanir.
Skratti - wizard


Hope that helped.

Edit:
A bit late, I see.

And now that I am at it, I might as well mention that 'Skratti' may mean troll as well.