i dont have the game infront of me, but (i know, this will suck) with the grid that everyone hates, you should be able to come up with a rough idea of how far things are.
unfortuneatly, there is no way to get the map that shows warp point distances untill you have a component built. then you can calc it between any two systems. the only other place you have a map close to that is in the 'border' window. i dont think it shows distances, but like i said, i dont have the game infront of me right now.
hope that helps. now all those years you spent in high school can be put to use figuring out the line distance between systems on the grid. if you could zoom the map window, you could put it on a 21 inch monitor to get a better measurement