And don't forget to put up Space Ports in each system. I can't recall if research is tied in with the space port, but you won't gather any resources from any new system until that Space Port is built (unless you have the merchant skill, which means you don't need to have a space port).
If the planets are telling you NEVER for completion time, then you forgot to load population onto your colony ship.
What you need to do is build a cargo transport, and move some people from your homeworld over there.
If you do have people, your planet may be rioting.
Moving some troops to the planet will help, as will do things that make your people happy (winning battles, and having ships in orbit are good for most races)