India uses a 3BM-42 (Mango) clone 125mm APFSDS-T. Reported penetration about 500mm @ 2000m. Around 550-560mm @ muzzle.
Out of a russian 125mm 2A46M 50cal gun.
http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data...tion/lc/26.htm
Pakistan uses the Chinese 125-I 125mm WHA APFSDS-T. Penetration about 460mm @ 2000m. Around 510mm @ muzzle.
Out of a Chinese 125mm 48cal gun.
There is no way it can penetrate a T-90 (cast) or T-90A/S (welded) @ any distance frontally.
http://www.pof.gov.pk/products/125mmapfsds.htm
The Al-Khalid is actually a chinese Type-90-IIM MBT with Ukrainian engine. Turret armour is around 600mm thick with composite construction. Hull is alot lower @ around 450-470mm thick. Compared against a T-90A/S of around 750-850mm thick with K-5 ERA @ the turret and around 700mm @ the hull also with K-5.